“Switch to solar. It’s neat, easy to use, and clever”
Introduction
An increasing number of people are moving toward an eco-friendly approach to sustainable living as they develop a greater understanding of their environment. In addition to saving a ton of electricity, solar water heaters are one of the best sources of hot water. These heating systems are utilized for both residential and commercial applications.
How a solar water heater works ?
The collector panel, which is a part of the solar water heating system, receives sunlight. Heat energy from the sun is absorbed by a black absorbing surface, or absorber, inside the collectors and is transferred to the water that passes through it. The heated water is gathered in an insulated tank to keep heat loss from occurring. The thermosiphon system allows the water to automatically circulate from the tank through the collectors and back to the tank. Solar water heaters can be classified into two categories based on the collector system: An insulated storage tank is used to hold hot water in a solar water heater, while a collector gathers solar energy. You can always use the hot water that has been kept.
Capacity Calculation of Solar Water Heater
A solar water heater with a capacity of 250 liters is appropriate for a typical household of three to four people, as a person uses 30-50 liters of water per day for bathing. The capacity of a solar water heater also depends on building height, so if you want an accurate calculation of solar water heater capacity, you should first conduct a site survey by a qualified technician.
Capacity = Number of person × 25
Where, Capacity calculate in a litter, This capacity is for per day.
Types of Solar Water Heaters
A) FPC Type Solar Water Heater System
B) ETC Type Solar Water Heater System
A) FPC Type Solar Water Heater System
Solar hot water system working base on a thermosyphon circulation Principle- generally hot water lighter than cold water, hence, the hot water tends to rise upwards and cold water tries to settle downwards.Up to 3000 litter per day system is based on thermosyphon circulation.
Principle,The collecting box is lower than the storage tank. As the water in the riser of the absorber panel heats up, it rises and eventually ends up in the storage tank. The displaced hot water is replaced by cold water from the storage tank, which is considerably heavier. So the water flow continues until all of the water in the storage tank reaches the same temperature as the tubes of the absorber panel.
This is a natural phenomenon that requires no physical intervention. Circulation begins after sunrise and finishes after sunset. Because of the simple technique, the system operates without any moving parts, ensuring incredibly low maintenance and a long life span.
B) ETC Type Solar Water Heater System
The Solar Water Heater (ETC System) operates on a simple principle. “Black body heat absorption principle” According to the theory, “black absorbs the most heat of any colour.”
Solar water heating systems that use vacuum tubes constructed of borosilicate glass with a specific coating to capture solar energy are known as Evacuated Tube Collector systems (ETC Systems).
The vacuum tube, as depicted in the sketch, is the primary component that absorbs solar radiation. The vacuum tube consists of two concentric borosilicate glass tubes.
The Solar Water Heating System’s Key Parts
|
FPC TYPE SYSTEM |
ETC TYPE SYSTEM |
|
Collector Box |
Evacuated Glass Tube |
|
MS Stand |
Stand |
| Hot Water Storage Tank |
Hot Water Storage Tank |
SITE –REQUIRMENT FOR SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
FOR FPC TYPE SYSTEM
- Water Quantity : The amount of water available each day must be at least double the system rating. For instance, a minimum 250 liter cold water storage tank is required if the system’s capacity is 125 LPD.
- Water Quality : Bore-well water is typically hard, therefore it needs to be monitored. The water must be clean, clear, and dust-free. The tank needs to be covered to preserve the water’s quality. A hard water model needs to be fitted if the calcium concentration in the water is higher than 200 PPM.
FOR ETC TYPE SYSTEM
- Cold Water Head : The bottom of cold water tank should be at least 6 feet for system up to 500 LPD the installation platform of ETC System
- Water Hardness : According to the water hardness user have option of SS tank for soft water and GI tank for hard water.
- Area : System require Area for 100 LPD ETC type system requires 6’X4’area.
- Shadow Free Place : The chosen location for solar water heater installation should be clear of shadows, and the system should face south.
- The selected place should be as near as possible to hot water using point.